Roman and Norse Cosmology: Two Visions of How the Universe Works

Illustration comparing Roman and Norse cosmology with Jupiter above the Roman world and underworld on one side and the Norse World Tree Yggdrasil connecting the nine realms beneath a stormy sky.

Rome and the Norse world were separated by centuries — but not by ignorance. Tacitus wrote about the Germanic tribes in 98 CE, identifying their gods through Roman equivalents. The planetary week we still use preserves the meeting point: Thursday is both Jupiter’s day and Thor’s day, two thunder gods identified across a cultural divide neither tradition fully crossed.